OCTAETERIS

OCTAETERIS
OCTAETERIS
seu octo annorum tempus, apud Graecos duplex fuit. Hi enim cum primo Tetraeteride uterentur, quae Elidensis Olympias dicta, ut Pythia Delphis, cuius primus mensis erat Lunaris, sequentes non item: hunc errorem Olympiadis 61. annô secundô corrigere statuit Cleostratus is, quem Zodiaci partes, initiaque Arietis ac Sagittarii primum observâsse, Plin. l. 2. c. 12. et Hyginus Astronom. produnt. Hic itaque, cum videret Solem et Lunam non intra id spatium redire ad idem punctum, pro Tetraeteride introduxit Octaeteridem, teste Diodorô Sic. l. 12. quae erat annorum CIC CIC CXXXII. alternisque habebat menses cavos ac plenos; anni vero communes fuere dierum 354. embolimaei autem 384. Sed in hac Octaeteride, cum deprehensum esset vitium ab Harpalo commissum, (quod quando factum sit, exacte dici nequit) pro Octaeteride Cleostrati recepta est Octaeteris Harpali, cum parapegmate, stellarumque significationibus. Unde quaedam a Plinio citata, ut videre est ex Indice l. 18. et meminit eius Harpali Festus Avienus quoque, his verbis.
Nam quae Solem hiberna novem putat aethere votvi,
Ut spatium Lunae redeat, vetus Harpalus ipsam
Ocius in sedem momentaque prisca reducit.
Sententia est, ex Harpali mente, nonô quôque annô exspirante, Neomeniam redire in eandem horam, in idemque punctum, in quo novenniô ante fuit. Verum Harpali opinionem esse erroneam, vidit Meton Pausaniae filius: qui excogitavit εννεακαιδεκαετηρίδα sive Circulum decemnovenalem, quem Aureum numerum appellamus. Meminit eius Diodor. Sic. l. 12. ad Olymp. 86. an. 3. estque εννεακαιδεκαετηρὶς dierum solidorum 6940. Festus Avienus,
Illius ad numeros prolixa decennia rursum
Adiecisse Meton Cecropeâ dicitur arte,
Inseditque animis. Tenuit rem Graecia sollers
Protinus, et longos inventam misit in annos.
Exordium huius periodi a Solstitio ductum, quam Euctemon quoque et Philippus sunt amplexi. Postea vero consuetudo obtinuit äper Graeciae Urbes, ut in publico affigerentur parapegmata, sive tabulae, in quibus annotarentur siderum ortus et occasus; ut inde cognosceretur crasis, sive constitutio aeris, et quid operis pro eo tempore facere oporteret, teste Theone Alexandrino ad Arati Διοσημεῖα: vide infra Parapegma. Cuiusmodi hemerologiorum ac tabularum, in Graeciae Urbibus affigi solitarum, quoque meminit Geminus εἰς τὰ φαινόμενα sect. περὶ ἐπισημασιῶν, apud Gerh. Ioh. Voss. de Scient. Mathem. c. 33. §. 11. Vide quoque infra Oenopides, qui periodum 59. annorum, inscripsisse tabulae in Olympiis dedicatae legitur.

Hofmann J. Lexicon universale. 1698.

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